America Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

America Identity - Essay ExampleThis essay focuses on the evolving nature of the American identity as well as discussing immigration issues, racial equality, diversity, assessing the nations failures and successes in these fields. time pursuing my undergraduate level, we were asked by our lecture if we were blink of an eye generation Americans. The term second generation Americans had neer occurred to me in my previous experiences, let alone connect with my individuality before, but it certainly applied to me (Foundation Kelley, 1). I learnt that, apart from out of roughly thirty students in my class only two of us were second generation Americans. The rest of the students were like the p arntal side of my family.A lot of American people encompass that the American creed as the key of American identity. The American Creed outlines the representation of the principles of liberty, equality, identity, representative government, and hugger-mugger property. Individuality is a complica ted matter, particularly because it is such a flawed theory (Foundation Kelley, 1). Personal identities are always fluctuating and unstable as we have past familiarities and mirror upon our past and present circumstances. We do different individualities around different people and it becomes unbearable to agree. For instance, my name varies subject to what the crowd of people I am with. When am with my college friends, they know me with a different name from my High School and work friends.The well-nigh critical aspect with regard to my American identity is the fact that, my founding parents were immigrants. However, this has constantly made me determine more American. My founding parents move here from their place of origin have always made the melting pot more factual to me. Im confident that if they had been immigrants to somewhere else, I would be a much different person compared to now. Growing up hearing, listening and knowing another language

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Marketing - Essay ExampleMarket divider was introduced in 1956 by Wendell Smith, and since then it has, more(prenominal) than any other marketplace concept, been the subject of scholarly discussion and inquiry (Quinn, 2009). His primary(prenominal) argument lay in the sense that goods will be able to realize their maximum authorisation utility if the differences among market segments were recognized and catered to, rather than if goods were produced indiscriminately for the mass market (Foedermayr & Diamantopoulos, 2008). The wisdom in segmentation is that it aids in creating a identical group out of a heterogeneous market, for which a more effective marketing mix may be designed. This enhances the attractiveness of the firm and its products to the target segment, by allowing the follow to more ably meet the customers perceived require. Furthermore, the segmentation exercise undertaken by the company in the abut of strategizing better enables the company to more specialize dally determine and understand customer needs, and the criteria by which such needs may be segmented. A closer match could therefore be created between the product design, the marketing rise, and the requirements of the customers (McDonald & Dunbar, 2007). Market segmentation is conceived of as a highly useful sense-making tool, often for the purpose of communicating to the targeted market in the most effective way (Quinn, 2009, p. 253). However, the degree to which it is useful as a tool for creating specific strategic plans is the subject of current debate. A salient criticism against reliance on segmentation as a concept emerged in the 1990s. At that time it became apparent to some scholars that consumer lifestyles continue to grow more and more fragmented. As a result, market segmentation appears to become more and more ineffective as a valid method for defining the market of a firm (Quinn, 2009 Charles, 2002 Holt, 1997). The idea of lifestyle has been used to plant market se gments, but more and more the concept has become vague and ambiguous. In practice, it has become rugged to define in detail all customers served by a firm or industry, and increasingly the approach to segmentation is to identify the criteria most important to that business and divide the customers into groups according to those categories that are most doable (Quinn, 2009, p. 255). The variations in lifestyles and the wide variety of differentiated products have created not a few general homogeneous markets on the contrary, and for some industries in particular, customization of product and service designs have become the standard. For instance, in addressable and synergetic communications are profiled against individualized customer analytics and propensity modelling these assist in determining the likelihood that specific propositions shall be accepted (Bailey, Baines, Wilson & Clark, 2009). 2. What are the different segmentation processes for both B2C and B2B? To understand the different approaches concerning B2C and B2B markets, it is necessity to define the terms. B2C is short for business-to-customer that is, the business that supplies the product, whether good or service, is targeting the end user or individual consumer. On the other hand, B2B refers

Manifest Destiny Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Manifest Destiny - Essay Examplehappy millions.1 In 1845, OSullivan wrote yet another article entitled Annexation where he expounded the doctrine and used it to give up the annexation of Texas to the union and called it the fulfillment of our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence.2 Since then the imagined perceive right has been used to justify American expansionism to the west by American politicians. despite the fact that OSullivan first coined the term Manifest Destiny, expansionism however was not his original idea besides has already been in practice since the dawn of the countrys history.English settlers first came to the sweet existence, specifically along the eastern seaboard of the North American continent not as a divine right as OSullivan would have it but for more practical reasons. England was then at that succession experiencing economic difficulties and settlers came to the New World for better opportunities, while others to evade p olitical and religious persecution. The New World likewise became an imprisonment camp outside of England. 3The first attempt of the English to establish a colony in the New World turned out to be a disaster. In 1585, Sir Walter capital of North Carolina brought a company of soldiers and mercenaries to the outer banks of North Carolina to establish the first English colony in the New World. 4In 1607, one hundred colonists established the first permanent settlement in the Chesapeake quest and survived with the help of the Algonquians under the leadership of Powhatan, the father of Pocahontas. John Rolfe, an English settler who married Pocahontas, developed the tobacco Virginia became famous of a hybrid of North American and Indian tobacco and made the colony a success. However, the English colonists wanted more land from the natives, pushing the latter farther until the Algonquians revolted and launched an attack against the surprised colonists. The contend dragged on for ten yea rs but because of the success

Prevalence and impact of alcohol misuse in the American, British and Dissertation

Prevalence and impact of intoxicant rail at in the American, British and Canadian Armed Forces - Dissertation ExampleI am really grateful to them. In addition, I would likewise like to thank my parents and friends for their help in the execution and finishing of this image within the limited time. I am making this project non only for academic purposes yet also to increase my knowledge on this public health issues. DECLARATION I DECLARE THAT THIS oration IS MY OWN WORK AND IT HAS NEVER BEEN PRESENTED AT ANY OTHER UNIVERSITY OR INSTITUTION OF HIGHER LEARNING. cite of Tables Table 1-Nationality of rangeicipants Table 2-Region of service Table 3-Element Table 4-Work Status Table 5-Gender Table 6-Nature of deployment Table 7-Causes and do of Alcohol abuse in fortify forces Table 8-Summary of participant remarks Abstract Alcohol misuse has been part of soldiery life since historical times. Study findings and literature reviews attest to the high prevalence of this problem not only among active-duty soldiers but also among veterans returning home. Studies also show several disparities in the prevalence and cause of intoxicant abuse among military officers. First, younger officers of age 18-25 are found to suffer more alcohol abuse and related disorders than their older colleagues. Second, male soldiers are more likely to indulge in oversupply drinking compared to their female colleagues. Third, soldiers on active combat duties report more cases of alcohol abuse that their non-combat experienced colleagues do. This latter disparity could be explained by the traumatic experiences and events encountered in wars. For the US, UK, and Canada, veterans of the Iraqi and Afghani wars are with child(p) examples of samples used to establish the extent to which traumatic combat and non-combat experiences and events promote alcohol misuse in armed forces. Although these countries defense departments have initiated various interventions and designed policy statemen ts to curb alcohol abuse in military camps and among veterans, a lot still need to be done since the responses to this problem have been quite lackluster. In fact, recommendations by concerned agencies and individual researchers have largely been ignored by authorities. The negative effects of alcohol abuse on soldiers, their friends, families, and the profession in clued mental health disorders, violence, marriage breakages, unproductively, cardiovascular diseases, and death. These effects sidle up the efficiency and the urgency with which alcohol misuse should be addressed. As the authorities seek answers to this problem, soldiers are also encouraged to seek alternative treatments to the disorders that military life expose them to rather than resorting to binge drinking for immediate and short-term solutions but never really solve the underlying issues. Introduction In the current society, many people are reported to keep their consumption of alcohol within the confines of the recommended levels. These drinkers have rather low risks of alcohol-related metal, physical, physiological, and

Company Audit for Darden Restaurants Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Company take stock for Darden Restaurants - Essay ExampleFor example, the company takes advantage of the contemporary trends in demand towards national cuisine and well dining by introduction of the new brands and formats, e.g. Bahama Breeze and Seasons 52. It addresses the growing competition from the other established drawing string operators, as well as local restaurants, by constant improvement of the operational activities and emphasis on market research and product improvement.Darden Restaurants is a leader in the casual dining market. Its position, however, is constantly challenged by the two closest competitors, namely Applebees International and Brinker International. Both operators have established position in the hospitality industry and currently operate big chains of company-owned restaurants under Applebees brand (Applebees International) and Rockfish, Chillis, Romano Macaroni Grill, Maggianos, On the Other marge Mexican Grill brands (Brinker International).The area s of strength include market share, financial position, and advertising. Darden Restaurants Company is leading with regard to the about influential factors, including product quality, management, and market share. However, the company can improve its standing in terms of spheric expansion, pricing strategy and gaining customer loyalty.The Internal Factors Evaluation Matrix (see below) was constructed to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the functional areas of the Darden Restaurants Company. The strengths and weaknesses are elect based on how they affect the ability of the chain to take advantage of the external opportunities and limit or control the risks.Internal Factors Evaluation Matrix (IFE)Key Internal FactorsWeightRatingWeighted come toInternal StrengthsFinancial position (revenues and net income).154.60Steady growth for several years in revenues and EPS.104.40Marketing research.104.40Constant brand

Impact of technolgy on social relationship Essay

jar of technolgy on brotherly relationship - Essay ExampleTechnology has helped develop the favorable relationships in the clip and age of today. This has been appargonnt with the recent advancements that have been made on the world of Internet, the propagation of the mobile engineering and other mediums. What has happened in essence is the culmination of a number of forces, all of which come under the tribute of engine room to bring success towards the realms of the people, which has essentially turned the tide their way. One must project that engineering science is indeed for the betterment of the people at large and this is a great way to bring them unneurotic on a single platform a z i from where they can exploit the beat unwrap of their strengths and the potential opportunities. This paper discusses the significant pointers related with the role of technology playing its due role in position the building up of cordial relationships. The argument has been raised and the points have been stated for clarity and comprehension. The impact of technology on social relationships is such that it poses as a huge risk on the flip side of the coin. If this technological basis falls down, there would be immense problems for the stakeholders, who would receive utmost at the turn everywhere of the ones who are the movers and shakers of these technological ranks. The social relationships are bring documented and expanded upon by the different platforms which are available under its fold like the social networking websites which include Facebook, Twitter, MySpace and so on (Dickson, 2000). These Internet-based social networking websites and parcel help the people to remain connected in a number of different ways. They interact and eliminate with one another through commenting on statuses, putting up unique statements, posting pictures, sharing workspaces and so on. What this does is to bring together a collective vision a vision that helps the people to grow and shew their truest basis in the long run. They come to have a great deal about all(prenominal) other, find out about how they live their lives, and basically come in close contact with one another. The social relationships are such that technology brings about the very best in them. The technological domains splice up the people in a number of ways because they enclose within them the respective areas of social growth and development through the different manifestations of the society. There is a dire need to understand that social relationships would continue to rule the roost in the times to come and technological linkages would only boost up the same in the future. The social relationships usually come into the consideration when the people feel that they are delicate make by on the time notion. They lag behind in the race to meet deadlines, and the best possible route to attain contacts with one another is through the use of the technology. This is made possible by social networking tools like Facebook, Twitter and so on, as well as instant messaging packet like MSN, Yahoo, ICQ and others. In essence, there is a great amount of interaction that is taking mastermind on a round the clock basis, which has been witnessed within the related domains (Mosley, 2011). The impact of technology is such that the social relationships can only bolster the ties amongst the people and make them stay connected for days, months and years. There is no quite a little time limit for them and this is remarked as a definitive positive without any doubt. What is most important is to understand that the use of technology does not hamper in the building up of their collective vision, and that they get to know quite a good deal about the happenings taking place on a spheric level (Ahmed, 2011). This and many other facets are quintessential towards comprehending the domains of the social relationships that have been taking place over a period of time now. The world of Internet has only facilitated in this entire process. What it has however done is to bridge the gaps that have existed amongst the different generations

What are the motivations of people who become volunteers at major Essay

What are the motivations of people who incur volunteers at major sport events - Essay ExampleThe purpose of the research was explained and the authorities were assured that call and information would not be shared. Once the University authorities granted permission, their help was sought in identifying students that had worked as sports and non-sport volunteers. The Universities came forward will all support. Once the participants for the direction mathematical group was identified, informed consent of the participants was then taken.The responses and intercourse over Skype was fairly stable although at times the detective did have to ask the respondents to iterate their answers. Connectivity beingness good, all the participants could express their views clearly, except for two participants who had some issues with the English language. To combat this, efforts were made to make them repeat their views so that minimum distortion in understanding takes place.Care was taken to en sure that all the participants to the focus group were between the age of 20 and 25 years, since this was focused on students motivation in sports volunteering. tabu of a total of 12 participants in three different groups, 4 were fe virile students and 8 male students. Students were all of Chinese nationality and hence this was a homogenous group, which enhances the responses and participation in focus group studies. This helped the researcher to make the group relax with light comments about sports and general discussions about volunteering before steering the group towards specific questions. This was an effort by the researcher to guide the group.The first group that was interviewed comprised of those who volunteer for sports. More than 50% respondents agreed that they volunteer for sports based on their interest in sports such as football. In position some of them even play while others are sports enthusiasts. However, one of the participants in the focus group admitted that h e did this to help others.Strong correlation has been found between volunteering and career prospects.

Employee Selection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Employee Selection - rise ExampleMt. Sinai Hospital, an institution I work for, Is a healthcare organization located in raw York and has a bed capacity of 1171, 2510 physicians, and 2278 nurses (Mount Sinai, 2015). Its mandate is provision of high fictitious character healthcare services that meets the ineluctably of its diverse clientele. Its ability to achieve high levels of quality can be construed as been attributed to a real and authentic employee excerpt process and performance appraisal. During the employee selection process, it is important to note that managers usually stand to get a hit or miss. These hits and misses, as stipulated by Bohlander and Scott (2010), usually form the overall goal of the selection criteria. The employee selection process defines a hit as the most accurate prediction of hiring an employee who turns out to be unsuccessful on the job while a miss is the most inaccurate prediction of wanting on to hire an employee who might have turned out to be successful while on the job (Bohlander & Scott, 2010). Having worked in the nursing field for some time now, I have come to consume the importance of employee selection and performance appraisal as it ultimately determines the success or failure of an organization. This is in regards to the fact that, recruitment of qualified employees is imperative for the achievement of projected outcomes, particularly in achieving high levels of quality in care provision. Though recruitment and selection of employees is the overall responsibility of the human resource division

Education in African Americans Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Education in African Americans Community - Essay ExampleThe issue of development in African American communities has often represent its way into public and scholarly debates in equal measure. This has come as a result of the sweet lower quality and less appreciation of fosterage in these communities as compared to areas occupied by the whites. The military position is one largely resulting from historical factors as well as continued neglect. All the same, continued amuse can only boost the current property. Hopefully, in the next decade the situation will be much better and quality as well as appreciation will have reached full point levels. To help in the inquiry and analysis of the current situation of education in the African American communities this study utilizes the Burkes Dramastic Pentadic Criticism. This is a five stage approach which examines five aspect of a narration or situation these five are agent, act, agency, scene and purpose.African Americans are one of the most academically disadvantaged people marked by low literacy achievement. This is disregardless of the fact that African Americans are the mental object of continuous focus in literacy based studies in United States. The current take of African Americans education is mainly due to historical factors which enforced segregation. This meant that discrimination against these individuals was officially recognized and enforced by the state government. This hindered equality in the social circles and this permeated through to the education sector (Belgrave, 2009). The immenseest challenge for the African Americans was that they were historically considered slaves. This meant they had very a few(prenominal) rights and education was not obviously one of the rights. In the absence of education, some few religious set ups realized that this was largely promoting inequality and sought to act. This was by availing education opportunities, at the question was the French Catholics in L ouisiana in 1600s and Quakers in the 1700s, these were largely based in Pennsylvania. Such localise approaches meant that education opportunities could not be holistically provided to all African Americans especially those living in other states (Taylor & Philips, 2005). The situation would be worsened by state governments which refused to grant equal education opportunities to their black population irrespective of whether they were free or not. The injustices criticalcted to the African Americans in terms of education would later remain unaddressed for so long that they were generally accepted by the policymakers. A slight change came after the civilised War where most Blacks achieved some form of freedom and continually became aware of their entitlement to education amongst other rights (Murrell, 2002). However, marked improvement would only be registered in the 20th Century following political activism and civil activism conduct by such distinguished leaders as Martin Luther King Jr. Such activism brought to the limelight the great injustices and the continued segregation of the black community. However, it was still impossible to address the historical injustices (Morris & Morris, 1999). Besides, most African Americans had already formed a notion that education was not for them and they were resigned to disadvantaged positions and hard and dangerous street lives. lit review The above discussion offers a brief synopsis of the historical factors that have contributed to the current dire situation of education among African Americans. This is irrespective of the marked improvement that has taken place in the preceding(a) half a century or so. This study seeks to provide a rhetorical criticism of education in the African American Community as represented by the discussed factors amongst other emerging issues characterizing the same. The principle for this criticism is as presented by Kenneth Burke under, Burkes Dramastic Pentadic Criticism

Executive Summary about Global Marketing Research Paper

Executive Summary about Global Marketing - Research Paper display caseThese are followed by explaining the reasons for venturing to employees, and selecting an executive officer for the distant market. This foreign executive officer controls the risk much(prenominal) as economic and political disruptions, language and communication, difference in goal and religion and the stemma culture (Gillespie et al. 47). Under this extended network of the global economy, the need to have a permanent store or plant and offices is not requisite. This is because the marketing executive at the foreign location can actively oblige the locals through the websites. Those executives at the headquarters may also choose to build a global business portfolio, which implements efficient global strategies. Therefore, strategic global marketing must consider all the risks, solutions and any early(a) available alternatives. Strategic global marketing needs to take into account of the whole company stems , environmental piles and resident peoples contentment (Gillespie et al. 75).Globalization, in some aspects, is described as a myth because most business activities, by large companies, take place in regional blocks (Gillespie et al. 38). The rival multinational enterprises from the regional blocs compete, for regional market shares, to consolidate their economic efficiency. These results to the top executives being compelled to shape regional based strategic plans and not only the global plans. Marketing strategies should be regional in scope and not global or uniform to be responsive to local consumers. Global employment also depends on the statutes and provisions of the World Trade Organization. The executive both at the headquarters and the foreign market should make appropriate considerations and obtain certification from the world trade organization (Gillespie et al. 27). Another outside(a) organization that can be consulted for grants is the World Bank. These can offer loa ns and grants for the business expansion to foreign

Policy paper-fixing health care (Zoonotic disease) Research Paper

Policy -fixing health care (Zoonotic disease) - Research Paper causestercoralis (3%). The overall preponderance of D. immitis is 25.3% (from www.EMERGING%20PARASITES%20OF%20PUBLIC%20HEALTH%20SIGNIFICANCE ).Evaluation of the parasite burden of Tricuris tricuria in a St. Lucian familiarity showed just about of the community having a low burden of the parasite, while few members of the community had a heavy burden. 84% of t those harbouring the parasite were found to be children in the get on group two to fifteen years. Children of the same age group constituted 87% of those individuals having hundred or much worms (Bundy et al, 1987). Zoonotic burden in Jamaica is to a significant extent due to the close interaction of humans and pets like dogs. 73% of the households in Jamaica keep on pet dogs. Assessment through faecal examination showed that 58% of the animals were infected with one or much of the eight helminths distributed as Uncinaria stenocecephala 26%, Ancylostoma sp. 23 %, Trichuris vulpis 9%, Toxocara canis 8%, Spirocera lupi 6%, Strongyloides sp. 6%, Appphallus sp. 4%, and taenids 1% (Robinson, Thompson & Lindo, 1989).The results of the study into the Annotto Bay community in the Parish of St. Mary, Jamaica showed that 64.7% of the stool specimens of the community had one or more of the helminth species and that there was a marked age dependence demonstrated with the helminth infestation occurring most commonly in the pre-school children (Win, 1996).Screw worms or Cochliomyia hominivorax infestation in Jamaica in 1998 was 25,000. Since then an eradication design has led to its diminishing infestation in Jamaica. Between 2004 and 2007 the annual average infestation of screw worms had swayback to 2,000 and in 2008 the infestation had dropped to 452, which included twenty infestations in humans (Reid, 2008).In 2007 UNAIDS sponsored a study into the prevalence of intestinal parasites in children infected with HIV/Aids. The results of

Study of The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) 02165 Essay

Study of The Capital Asset Pricing framework (CAPM) 02165 - Essay ExampleThe only condition followed in this case is the investor has to behave in conformity maintaining ethical drug of portfolio theory. Early practitioners are of opinion that beta is the only explanatory factor, which has the ability to explain cross-sectioned variation in the asset prices. Therefore, the CAPM model has successfully examined the predictions, which are make for measuring the risk-return kind of asset prices (Black, Jensen and Scholes, 1972).though the model was initially developed by Harry Markowitz, it was later modified by Lintner and Sharpe. The model real explained that if a particular investor selects a portfolio for a period of time then he/she is said to be risk averse (Black, Jensen and Scholes, 1972). However, the modified version of the model is developed based on the following assumptionsCAPM has gained hump in corporate finance, but there are many criticisms regarding its validity i n the security market. The risk-return relationship is questioned, whether it has the ability to help the investor for making a good investment decision.Sharpe (1964) and Lintner (1965) had identified the linear relation that exists mingled with return, risk and beta of a stock. Beta is defined as a variable, which aims at explaining cross sectional returns of the stocks.The equation aims at explaining the risk-return relationship of the stocks to a great extent. The beta value is dependent on figure of assets (Roll, 1977). It also helps in gauging the volatility of the stock with respect to market risk. The following interpretations can be made from the different value of beta (Solnik, 1974 Lahrech and Sylwester, 2011 Levy and Sarnat, 1970).The above explanations indicates towards the fact that beta can easily exhibit the risk-return relationship of stocks. Therefore, it can be depicted that the CAPM is a perfect model for evaluating the debt and equity status of a company by ex amining its risk-rerun relationship of the

Interpreting different cultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Interpreting different cultures - Essay Examplemeaning of this statement is that the differences that people living a certain place have makes them unique in their various ways, similar to those living in another(prenominal) place. When people come together they can exchange this ideas, thus learn how to treasure and value to each one other. According to Louis Dumont, the oneness that has to exist in the different human societies does not often require minify the diversity to that of unity. The people living in a certain place or culture invite to have a common language, which plays an essential role towards passing that culture from one generation to another. ace of the things that can be critical towards ensuring the success of the different human cultures is developing an effective collar of these cultures. This understanding is important since it helps in the preservation of those cultures for other people to learn from them. In this regard, the society needs to created supe rfluous institutions in which peoples cultural differences can be understood effectively. This paper examines the importance of the differences vivacious in human cultures focusing on ways of understanding these cultures in the most effective way. It focuses on the views and perspectives provided by Richard Shweders and Geertzs views in their Culture Theory and The Interpretation of Culture respectively.Culture, as an sovereign term has often been given different meanings. To some people, culture can be described as the appreciation of the different art, food, literature and music among others (Gannon & Rajnandini,2010). To biologists and other researchers in this field it simply means a colony of microorganisms and other kinds of bacteria that grow in a special kind of nutrient long suit specially kept in a Petri dish in the laboratory.For behavioral scientists and anthropologists, culture is interpreted as the broad range of various learned human actions and other behavioral pa tterns. In this regard, culture is interpreted to

Face Recognition Technology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Face Recognition Technology - Research Paper Example availability of biometrics technology provides controls for verifying true identity of an individual. These controls ar automated processes that grapple physiological characteristics such as fingerprints, face, eyes, DNA etc. of a living person which are not easy to speculate as they are attributes of an individual gifted by nature. There are also automated processes that recognize individual behaviors such as handwriting style, key stroke patterns etc. (Lin, 2000) Physiological controls are more(prenominal) stable when compared with behavioral controls. The main reason is that the features of physiological controls are non-alterable unless some serious injury is inflicted on a living being. On the other hand the patterns of behavior controls fluctuate with the mood and activities of an individual. In real-life, it is comprise that verification of physiological attributes is although very accurate, yet it is far more intrusiv e than the behavior attributes (Lin, 2000) One of the a few(prenominal) biometrics controls that have the merits of both low intrusiveness and high accuracy is the Face Recognition technology. Researches in the field of image processing, security and psychology were attracted towards the concepts of computer vision which led to the designing of face identification technology. (Lin, 2000) The real-world image has only size in go ones or centimeters. The capturing device such as camera or scanners uses digitization process through which it stores the number of pixels that contains in an image. It is called Resolution which is of two types Spatial Resolution and saturation Resolution (JISC Digital Media, 2006) The capturing device in Spatial Resolution is concerned with the frequency at which samples are taken from the real-world object or art-work. Frequency is mostly expressed as samples per inch (spi) when scanning and pixels per inch (ppi) when processing the digital image. The resolution to use for capturing an image is dependent mostly on its end-use.

Comparative Study of US Dollar and Euro Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Comparative Study of US vaulting horse and Euro - Essay ExampleApart from its superior position in marketplaces around the world US sawhorse seems as more prepared, compared to other currencies, to face long term economic pressures. Reference is made in particular to Euro, a currency that has challenged the hegemony of US vaulting horse in global market. Current paper provides a comparative analysis of the two currencies. Emphasis is also given on the occurrenceors which have mostly impact the performance of these currencies, especially in regard to 2009 onwards. The financial recession of 2008 and the Euro zone debt crisis, that followed, are used as key events for the evaluation of the potentials of the two currencies in the future. In general, the US Dollar is proved to be stronger both in case of unexpected turbulences and in case of long term economic downturns. 2. US Dollar v Euro Comparative analysis 2.1 Value of US Dollar compared to Euro The measure of US Dollar towa rds Euro has set about important fluctuations. The turbulences in the global financial market, as related to the Euro Debt Crisis, have led to the decrease of the jimmy of Euro, compared to US Dollar. Indeed, In January 2012 the value of Euro reached the $1.274 (Index Mundi 2012), which is rather low compared to the currencys value in the past. For example, in January of 2011 the value of Euro was estimated at $1.3371 (Index Mundi 2012). Up to July 2012, the value of Euro towards that of US Dollar was significantly decreased a item that was related to the continuous deterioration of the Euro Debt Crisis. In July 20 of 2012 the value of Euro reached the $1.2176 (Index Mundi 2012), a quite low aim. This fact has caused severe concerns to the leaders of EU. The threat of a potential collapse of the Euro zone had appeared. In order to see the position of Euro towards the US Dollar it would be necessary to refer to the fluctuations in the value of these currencies for the last quate rnary years, i.e. from 2009 up to 2012. In this way, it would be made clear whether the power of the two currencies in the global market is equal or whether one of them is at an advantageous position. During 2009 the value of Euro was decreased at a level of 20%, compared to 2008. The global financial crisis of that period has been probably the key reason for the above phenomenon. At the fetch up of the above year the value of Euro was estimated to $1.43 (Index Mundi 2012). The year that followed, 2010, the value of Euro was further decreased by the end of 2010 the value of Euro was fell to $1.32 (Index Mundi 2012). Again, the Euro Debt crisis, which has appeared to be more intensive in Greece, has been related to the further limitation of the value of Euro towards that of US Dollar (Index Mundi 2012). During 2011 the distance between the two currencies was further decreased. In the beginning of 2011 the Euro seemed as able to gain its power as a global currency. Indeed, the intro duction of effective measures in regard to the Greece debt crisis has caused pressures on US dollar during the first months of 2011 the US dollar lost a 10% of its value (Index Mundi 2012). At the kindred time, Euro was strengthened reaching the $1.4675 by July 2011 (Index Mundi 2012). It seems that investors were, still, afraid of investing on US Dollar due to the US Debt crisis of 2008, especially since the above crisis resulted to a global recession. Moreover, it was in that period that the interest rate in the EU was increased to 1.5%, a fact that highly favored the Euro towards the

Automobile Industry China Essay Example for Free

move Industry chinaw atomic build 18 Essay? china became the pieces largest motorcar get under wizards skinr and securities application in 2009 with yearly sales of or so 14 billion fomites. The trade continues to expand in 2010. In the root nine months of 2010, car performance reached 13. 08 jillion units, a 36. 1 percent amplify from a division ago. The china Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM) raised its forecast for annual sales to reach a memorialise 17 million this year, matching the highest annual total ever reached in the United States.Industry addition has been primarily driven by rising interior(prenominal) help take on stemming from rising incomes, a victimization nerve secern, and by supportive pains policies from the Chinese g everyplacening. The Chinese carmotive industry keeps very fragmented. In addition, Chinese central politics officials fear that unchecked expansion of chinaw argons auto industry back upd by local anaesthetic authorities could harm the wider economy, and that excess capacity must be stopped.Hence, the central goernment continues to weightlift for mergers and acquisitions (MA) in the automotive industry which testamenting support the emergence of a few leading field companies. chinas weak RD, domesticated innovation and externalise capabilities ar cardinal challenges to its worldwide competitiveness. With the governments encouragement, domestic satisfyings swallow opted for strategic partnerships with foreign players, aiming to facilitate engineering conveyance and improve domestic design and engineering capabilities.The Chinese government has implemented a number of tax adjustments and subsidies for automobile purchases to encourage crossbred electric fomites, pure electric vehicles and traditional vehicles of small engine displacement. Beijing has gradually introduced higher(prenominal) automobile emission standards for refreshful vehicles. Plans to deve lop hybrid electric and pure electric vehicle production capabilities ar part of a broader, environmentally friendly strategy to develop the auto industry.Market opportunities exposelast especially in the future(a) beas o Developing domestic innovation capabilities (e.g. vehicle design and engineering, hybrid electric and pure electric engines, electric motors and electric controls) o Productivity and quality upgrade (e. g. engines, transmissions, electronic control carcasss and safety systems) o Mergers and acquisitions (both in chinaware and in Israel) o Clean transportation technologies 3 chinawares self-propelled heavens Prepared for IEICI Updated November 2010 (Original April 2009) ? ? ? ? ? ? o Advanced manufacturing technologies o Supply of prerequisite automotive fixingss/systems to OEMs (e. g.electronic control systems and safety systems) ?The following automotive segments in China are considered to be passing competitive and it will belike be difficult for I sraeli firms to penetrate the commercialise unless they see an essential competitive advantage Fabric for seats/interiors, seat covers, floor mats, curtains, aluminum die casting, rubber bumpers, electronic harness c fits, antennae, speakers, electric bringers, vehicle cleaning products, window films, A/C compressors, fuel and oil and ambiance filters. 1. foodstuff OVERVIEW ? ?Chinas automotive mart has the most return potential in the world per capita car ownership is still remarkably low at 4. 78% and is expected to grow significantly. internal whole-vehicle manufacturers and automotive suppliers are still extremely fragmented (government-supported consolidation is imminent in the near future) challenges re main for domestic RD and design. With government subsidies and tax incentives, China is aiming to establish an early footing in the production of low-emission and environmentally friendly automobiles.Component implications surged by 130% in the jump half of 2010 60% of imported components were drivetrains, engines or automotive body components. ? ? 1. 1 GENERAL OVERVIEW Market Growth Primarily fueled by domestic and partly by foreign demand, Chinas fastly expanding automotive industry has outpaced the nations already impressive GDP outgrowth rates in recent years. home(prenominal)ally, rising incomes and encouragement from the Chinese government for the urban population to obtain drivers licenses amaze prickred the demand for passenger vehicles. The booming passenger vehicle market has led to a soaring demand for automotive components.Internationally, automotive manufacturers faced with decreasing margins and profitableness have sought out more affordable supply reach solutions, looking to China as a potential source for lower cost automotive components. Unlike positive markets for passenger vehicles, where growth in demand has been largely stagnant, Chinas domestic demand for new automobiles has skyrocketed in the historic years. Str ong car sales in China in 2009 pushed the auto market to the largest in the world, and 2010 is quite a little follow the positive trend. 4 Chinas self-propelling Sector Prepared for IEICI Updated November 2010 (Original April 2009). spring China Association of self-propelling Manufacturers (CAAM) In the first nine months of 2010, automobile sales reached 13. 08 million units, up 36. 1% from a year ago. Over 9 million of the total sales were passenger cars and 3. 24 million were commercial vehicles. CAAM predicted that the 2010 annual sales will reach a record of 17 million units. It is wide believed that Chinas automotive market currently has the most growth potential in the world. Chinas 2009 per capita private car ownership was 4. 78%, cold less than the 40% average of developed countries, and even less than other emerging markets much(prenominal) as Russia, Brazil and India.This is a strong meter reading that Chinas domestic market is far from world overly saturated. fit t o CAAM predictions, growth in the auto industry will remain strong until 2020 with annual growth expected to consistently ply from 13 to 15 percent. The total number of vehicles will jump from 67 to 150 million. Sales in larger tierone and tier-two cities as well as rural areas should keep growing at a rapid pace over the next few years and high growth areas will move from eastern China to the central and western regions.Market Players There are currently more than 100 whole-vehicle manufacturers and nearly 8,000 automotive split manufacturers in China, located primarily in Southern, Eastern, and Northeastern and central China (see the be on the right). Together, the top ten passenger vehicle manufacturers (seven of which are joint ventures (JVs) make up well-nigh 90% of Chinas market share (see the table beneath). Nearly every study ball-shaped vehicle manufacturer has realised JV operations in China. 5 Chinas self-propelling Sector Prepared for IEICI Updated November 2010 (Original April 2009).Top 10 Passenger vehicle Manufacturers in China (2009) Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Source CAAM Company SAIC1 FAW2 Dongfeng Chana (incl. Hafei) Beijing Auto Guangzhou Auto Chery BYD Brilliance Geely Others HQ Shanghai Changchun Wuhan Chongqing Beijing Guangzhou Hefei Shenzhen Shenyang Taizhou JV participator GM, VW VW, Toyota, Mazda PSA, Nissan, Honda Ford, Mazda, Suzuki Hyundai Daimler Honda, Toyota, Isuzu, Fiat N/A N/A BMW, Toyota N/A Sales (Unit) 2,705. 5K 1,944. 6K 1,897. 7K 1,869. 8K 1,243. 0K 606. 6K 500. 3K 448. 4K 348. 3K 329. 1K 1,750K Market piece of land 19. 83% 14. 25% 13. 91% 13. 70% 9. 11% 4. 45% 3. 67% 3. 29% 2. 55% 2. 41% 12.84% Import Positive demand growth for automobiles and components has not only ca hired domestic industry development, merely has led to increase attention from leading foreign automotive manufacturers eager to expand into the rapidly growing market. conflicting automotive manufacturers have also been encouraged by lower i mport tariffs, which have been move for whole vehicles from 70-80% to 25% since China joined the World cope Organization (WTO). Import tariffs on Semi-Knocked-Downs (SKDs) and Complete-Knocked-Downs (CKDs) have dropped from 50% to 25%, while import tariffs on vehicle components have dropped from 15% to 10%.1 2 Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation First Auto Works 6 Chinas Automotive Sector Prepared for IEICI Updated November 2010 (Original April 2009) Chinas automotive import growth was slowed payable to weaker demand caused by the spheric economic crisis of 2009. Annual total import were USD 33. 1 billion in 2009, representing a year-onyear increase of only 5. 34%. Assisted by government incentive programs and Chinas economic recovery, Chinas auto import total bounced back from a sluggish 2009, billow by 130% to USD 27. 22 billion in the first half of 2010. Imported European luxury cars had a remarkable 237.2% increase in 2010 compared to the same period the previous yea r. Chinas automotive component imports grew to USD 12. 7 billion in the first half of 2010, a 90% increase over the same period of 2009. Drivetrain, engine and automotive body components accounted for over 60% of the total component imports (see chart). More than 80% of the imported components came from Japan, German, Korea, and the United States. The main groups of imported automotive components to China can be divided into three categories ? Japanese and Korean OEMs and Tier I suppliers Generally these companies tend to only use suppliers from their country of origin.For example, Toyota typically sources components from Japanese JVs or Wholly Owned Foreign Enterprises (WFOEs) on the mainland, or at one time imports from Japan. Such practice tends to result from strict quality requirements, cultural compatibility and logistical concerns. German OEMs and Tier I suppliers These companies typically import components in the areas where Chinese suppliers are weak (e. g. safety systems for high-end passenger cars). The US and cut OEMs operating in China have not increased their automotive component imports as such(prenominal) as their peers for different reasons.US OEMs have steadily increased their sourcing from local Chinese suppliers for vehicles make in China to stay competitive, and French OEMs are facing a shrinking market share in China. ? ? Chinese OEMs are emerging buyers of imported automotive components, especially in the segments of hybrid and electric vehicles and Chinese-brand luxury vehicles. 7 Chinas Automotive Sector Prepared for IEICI Updated November 2010 (Original April 2009) Export The impact of the economic crisis in 2008-2009 bosomd umteen multinational companies to tighten up their sourcing of automotive vehicles and components from China.According to CAAM, China exported a total of 369,600 units in 2009 worth USD 5. 19 billion, which was down by 46% from 2008. Chinas auto exports rebounded as the world-wide market recovered in 2010 , with 250,100 vehicles exported in the first six months (up 55. 93% year-on-year). Passenger vehicle exports surged 115. 93% to 116,500 units, while commercial vehicle exports increased 25. 50% to 133,900 units. Algeria, Vietnam and Egypt were the major whole-vehicle export destinations in the first half of 2010. The auto components export growth has witnessed even more impressive growth than whole-vehicles.Exports increased 54. 11% to reach USD 18 billion in the first half year of 2010, with drive system components exceeding 50% of the total by value. More than 50% of the components were exported to the USA, Japan, South Korea, Germany and the United Kingdom. 1. 2 MARKET STRUCTURE Supplier Landscape The automotive supplier landscape in China is extremely fragmented. According to CAAM, there are approximately 8,000 automotive enterprises scattered across various segments including full vehicle manufacturing, vehicle refitting, motorcycle production, engine production and automotive parts manufacturing.Most of these companies specialize in lower-end parts and lack the capital needed to gift in production of higher quality products. Seven of Chinas ten largest components manufacturers are foreign companies, and about 70% of the countrys USD 160 billion auto supply market is occupied by foreign companies or joint ventures. There are approximately 120 OEMs in total, 40% of which produce passenger vehicles. One of the key contributors to the fragmentation of the automotive market as a whole is that Chinese suppliers serve a large amount of separate OEMs.The worlds leading automotive companies are all well-established in China. OEMs are represented by Ford, General Motors (GM), Volkswagen (VW), Daimler, BMW, PSA, Mazda, Nissan, Honda, Toyota, Hyundai, and tier-one international companies including Bosch, Delphi, Denso, Johnson Controls, Lear, Magna, Visteon, Yazaki, ZF, Arvin Meritor and TRW. 8 Chinas Automotive Sector Prepared for IEICI Updated November 2010 (O riginal April 2009) Most of the international automaker and component manufactures have invested heavily in China in attempts to gain a competitive edge.For example, GM, Ford and Jaguar Land Rover have established their Asia Pacific provide in China. GM, VW and Honda have also opened China RD centers and have begun to design car models specifically for the Chinese consumer. International automotive components companies have also expanded their presence in China. For instance, BorgWarner recently opened a China Technical Center. ZF announced the establishment of its Asia Pacific headquarters in Shanghai as well as a new Shanghai RD center. Eatons Asia Pacific headquarters is in Shanghai.Rapid expansion from international firms has let to foreign-invested automotive components suppliers holding 70% of the Chinese market share. Most of the top Chinese automotive parts manufacturers are wholly owned domestic companies such as ASIMCO, Wanxiang, Hongteo, Fuyao, Dicastal, Wanfeng and othe rs. These companies could be potential competitors or partners for Israeli companies. In response to the soaring domestic demand, Chinese automotive component manufacturers have ramped up their production capacities significantly, but this has also led to an increase in quality complaints.Key Challenges for the national Industry Chinese suppliers are now looking beyond the domestic market and improving their production process to emerge as true global competitors. However, further enthronement in RD is still required before Chinese manufacturers can truly compete globally, as the industry still lacks technological capability and suffers from quality issues. Chinas Automotive Sector Prepared for IEICI Updated November 2010 (Original April 2009) Flagship Domestic Automotive Companies Chery Automotive (Chery) ? Founded in 1997 and now has an annual production capacity of 650,000 vehicles, 400,000 engines, and 400,000 narrow aparts of gearboxes.? Continues to expand into the overse as market and has established specifys in 16 countries decent the biggest Chinese vehicle exporter for seven consecutive years. ? Chery Automobile mental testing Technology Center opened in July 2010, which became the largest auto lab in Asia. The company will invest RMB 2. 4 billion in 2010 to accelerate its new model development. ? Chery now owns a full set of manufacturing and RD facilities, including four car plants, two engine plants, a gearbox plant, an automobile engineering research institute, an automobile planning and design institute and an automobile test technology center.? Have extensive technological and crease relationships with overseas auto companies. Chery signed an agreement with Chrysler to produce Chery made cars under the Chrysler brand to be exchange in the United States and Mexico. ? Chery Quantum Auto. Ltd is a joint venture between Chery and Quantum LLC under an Israeli Group. They aimed to invest USD 334 million in 2010 to develop high-end cars and SUVs for the overseas market. 9 RD capability Chinese automotive component manufacturers are able to manufacture products when they are provided with designs and specifications, however most of them lack design, engineering and RD capabilities.Owing to weak RD and engineering capabilities, many local suppliers have opted to enter into technical collaborations or JVs with leading international suppliers with the goal of facilitating the transfer of technology and improve basic product engineering capabilities. A growing number of Chinese auto parts suppliers have begun to invest in and acquire western firms. Domestic RD capabilities of Chinese automotive part manufacturers have historically been trammel due to the small-scale of most operations and a shortage of investiture in laboratory facilities in comparison to international firms.Taking smells to remedy the situation, the Chinese government has move to encourage investment in RD for core systems, such as engines, transmissi on systems, steering systems, brake systems and thrust control systems. Safety and reputational issues Incidents and product recalls have raised questions about the quality and safety standards of Chinese manufactured automotive components. According to the 2009 China Automotive Product Quality After Service Quality report, among the 9359 complaints record about Chinese made cars, 19.5% were related to engine enigmas 10. 5% to steering systems 10. 7% to braking systems 18. 5% to automobile plan of attackories and electronics and the remaining 40. 8% related to the gearbox, clutch, front and rear axles, suspension systems and air conditioning systems. As a result of complaints and recalls, as well as other non-automotive related manufacturing scandals in China including cyanuramide milk, contaminated pet food, and anti-freeze laced toothpaste, Chinese manufactures are facing serious issues about their reputation.This is a problem local manufacturers will have to overcome if they want to increase their competitiveness on the global stage. The drivers are in place for Chinese domestic manufacturers to move to the forefront of the global automotive industry, but stiff domestic investment in RD and improvements on quality and reputation are a necessary prerequisite. 1. 3 EMERGING INDUSTRY TRENDS Industry Drivers The rapid expansion of the Chinese automotive industry has been largely attributed to the growth in domestic demand for passenger vehicles and international demand for affordable automotive components.The Chinese government also continues to play an important role in encouraging the growth of the industry. 10 Chinas Automotive Sector Prepared for IEICI Updated November 2010 (Original April 2009) Tier II and Tier III cities emerge as market growth engines In 2010, most multinational automakers have included a focus on cardinal and Western China markets into their strategies in order to capture future growth opportunities. For example, Volkswagen is ra mping up capacity of its Chengdu plant more than doubling its production of Sagitars and Jettas from 150,000 to 350,000.GAIC Toyota (a JV between Guangzhou Automobile Industry Corporation and Toyota) is considering building a small and price-competitive car to target the lower end of the market. The JV also announced plans to expand its dealership network across central and Western China. Central and western China have emerged as the main growth engine of the automotive market. According to CAAM, automobile sales in second and third-tier cities in the first nine months of 2009 surged 41 percent and 51 percent respectively, while sales in the firsttier cities increased by 34 percent.Domestic demand has been fueled by rising incomes and a growing middle class creating a larger consumer culture. The purchase of an automobile is increasingly becoming a symbol of financial success. In the past, the focus has been on coastal cities. Since 2009, tier II and tier III cities have emerged as the strongest market growth engines (see more details on your left) Even though large cities in China are facing serious traffic congestion issues, Chinese have not been deterred about making new automobile purchases.China overtook the U. S. as the worlds number one automotive market in January 2009. The positive developments in the passenger vehicle industry have benefitted both domestic auto manufacturers (which are emerging from their infancy stages and developing competitive capabilities) and major international automotive giants (which have increased investment into China to expand their presence). However, with per capita car ownership was still only 4. 78% in 2009, still far below the 40% average in developed countries.This is a strong sign that domestic demand for passenger vehicles will remain high in years to come. The domestic aftermarket for automotive components is increasingly becoming an important driver of the industry. More than thirteen million cars are sold annua lly in China which is leading to a growing market for automobile repairs and further stimulating domestic demand for automotive components. International demand for automotive components has also increased as international automotive firms face pressures to burn costs and take advantage of more economical alternatives abroad.Chinas inexpensive labor force presents an attractive option for producing lower-cost automotive components, which were initially primarily for the international aftermarket but are increasingly being used by international OEMs. The majority of leading international automobile OEMs have established global sourcing offices, RD centers as well as regional headquarters in China. 11 Chinas Automotive Sector Prepared for IEICI Updated November 2010 (Original April 2009) Finally, the Chinese government continues to play an important role in driving the industry.Post-WTO addition concessions have resulted in lower import tariffs, giving international automotive firms more access to the domestic market. Beijing has actively encouraged the establishment of JV RD centers with preferential tax policies designed to facilitate the transfer of knowledge and technology. The government has pledged substantial funds towards automotive technology innovation, upgrades, and the RD of alternative-fuel automobiles and components. They are also position restrictions and quotas requiring all vehicles that are used for government use to be produced domestically.Industry Consolidation China is inflexible to restructure its automotive industry, with the hopes of changing the market from many fragmented manufactures to two or three dominating domestic firms. According to the State Councils regulations released in early September 2010 which called for greater industrial consolidation, the automobile industry was at the top of the list of targeted sectors. The State Council set the goal of reducing the number of major automakers who are responsible for 90% of dom estic sales output, from 14 to 10.Under the plan two or three companies would dominate the industry, responsible for producing more than three million vehicles annually, while four others would have annual output capacity of 1. 5 million units. The State Council named the following four groups as potential industry heavyweights, urging them to take advantage of consolidation opportunities FAW Dongfeng Chinas Automotive Sector Prepared for IEICI Updated November 2010 (Original April 2009) Flagship Domestic Automotive Companies Shanghai Automotive (Group) Corp (SAIC) Industry ? Headquartered in Shanghai, it is one of the top three auto groups in China.? Mainly engaged in the manufacturing, sales and RD for passenger cars, commercial vehicles and auto components. ? The company is class-conscious 223 of the Fortune 500 companies with consolidated revenue of US$33. 6 billion in 2009. ? Sold over 2. 7 million vehicles in 2009, making up almost 20% of Chinas market. ? SAIC invested over 10 billion RMB on new model development in the past 3 years, and will launch hybrid and electric vehicles in 2010 and 2012. ? Acquired Nanjing Automotive (Group) Corp (NAC) in 2007 and became the largest manufacturer in China with a consolidated annual production of 2 million units.? SAIC has opened branches in the USA, Europe, Hong Kong, Japan and Korea. It has established a long-term cooperation with GM and Volkswagen. SAIC and GM formed Shanghai GM and the Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center (PATAC) in 1997 and launched 8 additional China joint ventures, including SAIC-GM-Wuling, GMAC-SAIC Automotive Finance Company, and General Motors SAIC enthronisation Limited. ? Shanghai Volkswagen (a joint venture between SAIC and Volkswagen AG) recently announced it will build a ordinal assembly plant in Jiangsu. The plant will have an annual production capacity of 300,000 vehicles and start operation by the end of 2012.12 SAIC and Changan. Additionally, it named four regional leaders th at it encouraged to consider regional consolidation Beijing Automobile Guangzhou Automobile Cherry and Sinotruck. All of these companies are passenger vehicle manufacturers with the censure of Sinotruck which manufactures heavy-duty trucks (sales of over 125,000 units in 2009). Industry analysts predict that the coming wave of MAs within the automotive sector could see a deal that breaks the USD 1 billion mark, more than doubling the largest deal to date which was the USD 450 million purchase of General Motors.Nexteer steering components unit by a joint venture established by Beijings Tempo Group and the Beijing government. Global Expansion As the leading automotive market, China automakers are accelerating global transformation to increase their presence in the overseas market. Zhejiang Geely Holding Group (one of Chinas largest independent carmakers) recently completed its acquisition of Ford Motors Volvo brand for USD 1. 5 billion. This is an indicator that Chinese automakers h ave begun to recognize the power of strong brand reputation.Geelys Volvo bid is the largest takeover in Chinese auto industry and will provide a pattern for Chinese carmakers to expand on base and acquire companies with a strong reputation. Beiqi Foton, Chinas leading commercial automaker followed Geelys step and announced its global expansion plan. This includes setting up a production base in Russia by 2012 with an annual capacity of 100, 000 vehicles and building five other plants in Brazil, India, Russia, Mexico and Thailand before 2015. raw(a) Energy Vehicle Focus of Future Development High oil prices, air pollution, and Chinas commitment to reduce carbon emissions have led the automotive industry to explore alternative energies. The Chinese government has launched policies and incentives to attain the development of new energy vehicles, including electric (hybrid, plug-in and battery), fuel cell, and hydrogen-powered. China has identified new energy vehicle as one of the sev en emerging strategic industries. Many estimate China will buy the farm the worlds largest new energy vehicle market by 2020.The Energy Saving and New Energy Vehicle Development Plan (2011-2020) and the Automotive Industry 12th Five-year Plan (2011-2015), two of the key policies expected to guide the development of new energy vehicle industry, are expected to come out by the end of 2010. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) is the principal drafter of these plans which are later submitted to the State Council for approval. The plans set the following key targets for the new energy vehicle industry by the end of 2020 ?In the following five years China will aggressively support the development of key components of energy effective and new energy automobiles. For electric motors and 13 Chinas Automotive Sector Prepared for IEICI Updated November 2010 (Original April 2009) ? ? batteries manufacturers, China hopes that three to five backbone enterprises will emerg e with their combined market share exceeding 60%. China will produce 5 million new energy vehicles and become the number one producer of new energy vehicles in the world by 2020 Average fuel economy of passenger vehicles will be 4.5 L/100 kilometers by 2020, the same as European standards. The plans will become the backbone policy for the entire new energy vehicle industry, as it provides direction for earthly concern funding, sector focus and industry structuring. Most important to pay attention to is that Chinese companies are potential to reap the most benefits from these structured strategies. To support indigenous innovation, the Chinese government has stated that the two or three key new energy vehicle component manufacturers will most likely be domestic companies, either state-owned or private.2 REGULATORY OVERVIEW ? Government tariffs on automotive imports are in compliance with WTO rules, but minimum capital barriers still exist for foreign investors. The government has cr eated some incentives to spur RD partnership, and regulations for foreign distributers have been eased somewhat. The government has plans to implement higher auto emissions standards for new cars in China. So far four regions have implemented China IV emission standards (Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing and Guangdong Province).The Chinese government views the development of the new energy vehicle industry in China as a top antecedency and has introduced a wide range of subsidies and policies in its favor. ? ? Chinas automotive industry supply chain is very broad with many components such as import and export, manufacturing, environmental protection, technology upgrades and quality control. As such, the industry is regulated by a range of government organs, both at the national and sub-national level. The below chart illustrates the key central level regulators of the automotive industry, and their pertinent responsibilities.14 Chinas Automotive Sector Prepared for IEICI Updated Novembe r 2010 (Original April 2009) The automotive industry is subject to a number of laws and regulations. The key regulations that are relevant to Israeli companies are addressed below. 2. 1 FOREIGN ACCESS TO THE CHINESE AUTOMOTIVE MARKET Trade The Chinese auto sector is competitive and has a well-developed supply chain. Imports of foreign-made auto parts will likely decrease as OEMs continue to increase their local capacities. At the same time, higher quality Chinese auto parts are increasingly being integrated into the global supply chain.Currently the import tariff for whole vehicles is 25% and for automotive components is 10%. 15 Chinas Automotive Sector Prepared for IEICI Updated November 2010 (Original April 2009) Investment Foreign businesses must meet a number of requirements in order to access Chinas automotive market. The Chinese government has set requirements for minimum understanded capital when a firm wants to establish an automotive facility which is RMB 500 million (USD 75 million3) for automobile financing, RMB 500 million (USD 75 million) for engine production and RMB 10 million (USD 1. 5 million) for an RD center.All projects are subject to government approval. Foreign firms looking to produce passenger vehicles cannot set up WOFEs, but must partner with a local Chinese firm in the form of a JV, with the foreign partners stake limited to 50%. On the other hand, China offers fiscal and financial incentives to attract foreign investment in RD strategies as part of the central governments strategy to speed up the transfer of international technology. China currently provides tax incentives for enterprises engaged in research and development activities, allowing RD enterprises to deduct 50% of RD expenses.Suppliers are most often required to localize or invest in China and Israeli companies kindle in tapping into the vast Chinese market will need to consider establishing a local presence. IPR Issues in China While the protection of mental propert y rights (IPR) remains a contentious issue for companies in China, the countrys laws and regulations have progressed considerably in recent years, with the large majority now pliable with requirements of the WTOs TRIPS agreement.The main challenge surrounding IPR protection in China is the lack of effective enforcement of the quick regulations. Enforcement issues arise from a range of root causes, including the relatively recent introduction of IPR legislation and concept of intellectual property in general, the absence of a fully independent judicial system, and provincial officials often defensive attitude towards local job creating counterfeiting industries.While most foreign companies considering business operations in China may have to accept an unavoidable degree of IPR infringement, there are nevertheless a number of actions that a company can take in order to limit their IPR-related risk ? ? ? Ensure to register your patents, copyrights, or trademarks with the relevant bu reaus Ensure that your trade or other.

Mckinsey Model Essay Example for Free

Mckinsey flummox EssayMcKinsey 7S ModelThis model was developed in the 1980s by Robert sailor, Tom Peters and Julien Philips whilst working for McKinsey and origin onlyy presented in their bind Structure is not Organisation. To quote them Intellectually all managers and consultants know that much more goes on in the process of organizing than the charts, boxes, dotted lines, position descriptions, and matrices can possibly depict. But all too often we transmit as though we didnt know it if we want change we change the social organisation. Diagnosing and solving organisational problems means looking not merely to structural reorganization for answers but to a framework that includes structure and several related factors. The 7S Model which they developed and presented became extensively used by mangers and consultants and is one of the cornerstones of organizational analysis. pic basically the model says that all organisation can be best described by the seven interrelat ed elements shown aboveStrategyPlans for the allocation of a firms scarce resources, over time, to reach identified goals. Environment, competition, customers. StructureThe path the organizations units relate to each another(prenominal) centralized, functional divisions (top-down) decentralized (the trend in larger organizations) matrix, network, holding, etc. SystemsThe procedures, processes and routines that measure up how important work is to be done financial systems hiring, promotion and performance appraisal systems information systems. Skillsclassifiable capabilities of personnel or of the organization as a whole. StaffNumbers and types of personnel within the organization. entitleCultural style of the organization and how key managers behave in achieving the organizations goals. Shared valueThe interconnecting centre of McKinseys model is Shared Values. What the organization stands for and what it believes in. Central beliefs and attitudes.However the model is more than simply a list.Key Points are 1. The top3, strategy , structure and systems, are the hard elements. The bottom 4, skills, staff, style, and shared determine are the soft elements. 2. At that time, any organisational study focused on the top hard elements and ignore the bottom soft elements. 3. The current view is to focus on all 7, accepting that for each tune or enterprise, two or three will be the VITAL ones. 4. The key point is that all the elements are all inter-dependant. Changes in one will have repercussions on the others. Thus introduction of innovative systems will certainly affect skills, and may well effect structure, style and staff. It could even have an jounce on strategy. Similar repercussions occur with decentralization. 5. If you just try to change one element on its own, the other element may well resist the change and try to maintain the status quo. 6. In this sense, any change in organisation is best seen as a shift in the whole picture. Waterman Jr., Robert H., Peters, Thomas J., and Julien R. Phillips. 1980. STRUCTURE IS NOT ORGANIZATION. Business Horizons 23, no. 3 14

How a Simple Gesture of Courtesy Can Change Humanity Essay Example for Free

How a Simple Gesture of ingenuity Can Change Humanity EssayBasic aloney, ingenuity is simply defined as examineing of adroitness towards other people. However, if you think about it further, this word means so much more as it rouse concord huge changes in our lives, our nation, and the entire humanity. Nowadays, it is quite signifi standt that we show kindness to other people, not precisely the ones we personally get to be acquainted with but especially those individuals we dont know. macrocosm civil towards each other only means that we respect each others opinions, personal manner of thinking, and actions. We all know that each and every one of us are uniquely created and we have to realise those differences because we can all grow and learn from each other if we only take the time to make realizations out of these everyday actions.One good paradigm is our trail community here at LPU in Manila. We have to face the reality that there can be times when we cannot conta in ourselves from making a fuss out of fall apart misunderstanding with our professors/classmates or the never ending inculcate violations that we get from the school guards waiting in queue for long lines during enrollment, paying for our school fees, or merely waiting for our term of enlistment to be served food at the cafeteria and asking for some mercy from our terror professors who finds it rather fun to analyse us having a difficult time accomplishing their subject requirements. These are those some things that can make our snappishness soar rocket high.At one point, before making not-so-good reactions, have we asked ourselves about how we should deal with all these? Have we thought of showing readiness even if we feel that were being violated of our rights on those sometimes? I personally think that showing act of politeness can turn majestic situations into something better. We can define ourselves with how we usually act when no one is watching. Good thoughts toward others are very key not because it can make you look excellent and ideal, but it can personally and eventually professionally hone you into a good citizen of this country.Showing that you appreciate your professors through studying well on their class can make them feel that theyre doing their jobs precisely. If we take a closer look at how these educators stormily share their knowledge with us, well all realize that their profession is priceless. We should know the fact that they serve as our due south parents and we must confront them equal respect that we give our real ones.As a student of this university, I would have to say that courtesy doesnt just end with showing acts of politeness and kindness inner(a) the school premises. We should exhibit courtesy everywhere we go and with whomever we meet. Our real lives actually start when we leave school and face the sometimes unfair and harsh reality of the earthly concern. I know for sure that if we only give out courtesy not ju st from our minds but also from our hearts, we can change this countrys state and become one of the best from around the globe.We cannot just leave our countrys achiever to the government. Because again, courtesy plays a huge part into making a country stand out. Being a good citizen is not about becoming a politician that can guide this country and its people. We can be our simple selves and yet make a huge difference by doing our part. We can show courteousness through abiding law helping out other Filipinos supporting our governments projects having a warm heart for less fortunate sharing our knowledge through hard work and being honest, just and fair.Filipinos are known to be hard working, respectful, kind, and humble. If we keep on improving not just because we want to be successful but also to become better persons each day, the whole world can perceive how simple courtesy can make everything better.The whole world needs courtesy just like it needs love. Courteousness is one of the significant factors that can make an individual, a nation, and humanity exceptional. Courtesy starts with us. It is given and should not be asked for.

Online Ordering System Essay Example for Free

Online Ordering System EssayReyes conducted on assessment of the military capability of computers in selected organizations in Metro Manila. This study found out that the early approach to computer was for entropy processing of high volume which have an expanded to computer as planning and decision embolden levels of managements. the study also that at least level 3 computer literacy af tained by must of nowadayss computer softwargons has been generated. Thus cyberspace has increased in developing computerized information over the years.Quieta canvas a comparison of the use of electronic commerce and of traditional traffic process in selected commercial enterprise establishments in Makati City. Based on the finding of this study, the following recommendations were offered (1) Traditional business process will becalm be employ in the first part of third millennium by the business industries as their back-up/ support in inevitable circumstances such as computer log-down. (2) consumers are secure and are still afraid to take the risk of exposure of paying their bills using their account number and credit panel through electronic commerce payment system. (3) Electronic commerce concept in the Philippines has barely eat the business environment. (4) Electronic commerce is expected to glow in the millennium.This study explored the family relationship between possessor/ manager factors, organizational factors, market structure, technological factors and awareness of government efforts to promote electronic commerce and electronic commerce adoption levels. The adoption level range from using the internet to communication (level 1), using the internet to communicate and setting up a static website (level 2), using an interactive website and accepting orders online (level 3) and doing the complete business transaction online (level 4). Seventy-eight exporting firms in the National Capital Region NCR completed the survey questionnaire all at their off ices or during the trade fair at the World Trade Center. Statistical tools such as chi-square and t-tests were used to determine the evidential differences in the responses of the participating firms.Binary profit was also used as a statistical model. A Focus Group Discussion and a case analysis were do to further prove the factors affecting the firms Electronic commerce adoption. The results showed that were only two levelsof electronic commerce acceptation among holiday decoration exporting firms, i.e. level 1 2. One factor that proved significant in influencing firms in their electronic commerce adoption was the owner/ managers understanding the benefits of electronic commerce.However, the negative correlation implied that the more(prenominal) the owner/ manager understands the benefits of electronic commerce the lower the level of electronic commerce adoption. Factors that were positively significant with electronic commerce adoption were years that the firm has been existin g export market as a percent of total market, firm size based on assets and location of suppliers.The research studied the acceptability of online shopping website to its buyers specifically, the study focused on Chinas biggest and still growing site. Sira.com, and its buyers who were students from top universities in Beijing. This studys general problem was what factors influenced the acceptability of sira corporations www. Sira.com among online amble buyers in top universities at Beijing, China. Specifically, its objectives were to 1. flummox the respondents understanding of sira.com online mall in Terms of product and publicity 2. Study the relationship between the product and promotion acceptability of sira.com among online mall buyer, and respondents sex, income, and academic rating of their universities 3. Determine which of the major customers perceived issues should be given priority4. Study the relationship between the product and promotion acceptability of sira.com amon g online mall buyers, and customers perceived security risk and privacy risk. The study used descriptive and the chi-square statistical test for analyzing its quantitative data. The primary data were gathered from respondents surveyed by the researcher. After find multi-stage sampling procedures, a total of 200 respondents were chosen from four top universities. The data and statistical results were bear on with the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), version 10. The study concluded that (1) Males are not seeming to find shopping at sira.com online mall more unobjectionable than females( 2) A University student enrolled in a university rated higher by the government is not in all likelihood to find shopping at sira.com online mall acceptable than the student in the slight highly rated university (3) a customer with higherincome level is more likely to find shopping at sira.com online mall more acceptable than a customer with lower income level (4) The customer more concerned risk is more likely to find shopping at sira.com online mall acceptable than the customer who is less concerned with security risk. (5) The customer more concerned with privacy risk is more likely to find shopping at sira.com online mall less acceptable the customer who is less concerned with privacy risk. The growth of the internet in the last few years has spearheaded the growth of E-commerce . more companies have moved part and parcel of their business into new medium.

David Myers, Worldcom Essay Example for Free

David Myers, servicemancom EssayIntroductionWorldCom was Americas second largest telecommunication participation in 2000 (The WorldCom method of accounting malicious gossip, 2002). Making a modest beginning in the hinterland of disseminated multiple sclerosis in 1983 with a meager capital of less than 100,000 USD it reached the pinnacle of incorporated success reporting more(prenominal) than USD 39 billion in revenue and USD 150 million in MCAP (The WorldCom Accounting S after partdal, 2002). In the make for it became 42nd in the Fortune 500 list.Under the leadership of CEO Bernie Ebbers it grew rapidly by agent of acquisitions and increased demand for telecom services farther fuelled the growth of WorldCom during the whole of 90s. However on June 25, 2002, WorldCom announced that it had overstated earnings in 2001 and the first tail of 2002 by more than $3.8 billion (The WorldCom Accounting Scandal, 2002). The ScandalWorldCom grease was one of the biggest accounting scandals of American corporate history. WorldCom was a U.S based telecommunication guild. The WorldCom accounting scandal was disclosed in 2002. The go with had resorted to bilgewaterulent accounting pr representices for five quarters (four quarters of 2001 and the first quarter of 2002) (The WorldCom Accounting Scandal, 2002). The well-known telecommunication lofty society WorldCom and the accounting, auditing and consultancy enterprise were involved in this big accounting fraud. The corporate scandal of WorldCom ultimately headed the confederation towards the disgrace that ensued in the biggest bankruptcy in American history.After this act the partnership terminated the service of the top executive including Scott Sullivan, the Chief Financial Officer and David Myers, the Senior viciousness President and Controller. Myers knew that the accounting entries were made without supporting documentation, were not in conformity with GAAP, were not disclosed to the spend usual, a nd were designed to allow WorldCom to appear to meet Wall Street analysts quarterly earnings estimates.In addition, during the kindred period Myers and others, including members of senior management, made materially false or misleading statements or omissions to WorldComs independent attendants in connection with audits and the preparation of filings with the Commission. Myers violated the anti-fraud, books and records, and internal accountant provisions of the federal securities uprightnesss, and aided and abetted WorldComs violations of the reporting, books and records, and internal control provisions of the federalsecurities laws. Using this illegal accounting practice WorldCom intended to defer and spread the ingestion for the next 5-10 years. Significance of organisational Behavior Theoriesorganisational theories help to the company for surviving in the globose environment. The WorldCom Company CFO and Director may not assume followed effectual organisational bearing t heories. Had they followed good organizational behavior theories, they would save the organization from the adversity. Ethical Decision MakingEthical decision do represents the decision that is based on the ethics. The ethical decision qualification involves make those decisions that are in the favour of all related persons of company such as board of directors, shareh quondam(a)ers and stakeholders. The ethical decision making helps the company for making the goodwill and the broad term survival in the global market.The WorldCom Company did not don the ethical decision making theory as if they did there would bring forth been false numbers reported. The company was continuously doing misrepresentation of the accounts and the company became the bankrupt. If the company CFO and executive would adopt the ethical decision making theory, they would have resolved the bankruptcy due misappropriation of balance sheet of the company (McKenna, 2000). Goal mountGoal nockting theory is very useful methods to motivate the employee to enhance their capacity for attain the organizational goal. Goal bunchting theory directly affects the performance of the organization. This theory helps the employee and the concern people of the company to set the appropriate objective for the organization. If the WorldCom would have adopted the goal setting theory in their organization, its executive and attendee would have not gone for the unethical accounting practices for the business (Griffin Moorhead, 2009). Corporate GovernanceCorporate organization is the set of processes, customs, policies, laws and institutions, which directed, administered and controlled over the corporation (Monks Minow, 2008). Corporate governance is a way by which acompany governs itself for providing the values to their stake holders. The WorldCom did not follow the corporate governance policy. If the WorldCom would have followed the corporate governance it would have not led towards this busin ess failure and company would have not gone for the unethical practices make do in the organization. Corporate governance would have increased the faith of stakeholders towards the company and company would have survived for long time (Monks Minow, 2008). Adoption of Ethical BehaviorThe Ethical Behavior would enhance the performance of the company, because the ethical behavior would creates the good image of the company among the stakeholders. If The WorldCom would have adopted the ethical behavior in the organization it would not have attained bankruptcy in the market. The company acted in unethically to misrepresent the accounts of the company (Salter, 2008). function of Leadership, Management and Organizational Structures Every organization is directed with a particular leadership, management and organizational structure.The WorldCom Company is directed by their directors, CFO and the auditors. If a leader is indulged in ethical practice its follower as well as follows that k ind of management and leadership qualities. The WorldCom auditor was indulged in the misrepresentation of the accounts of the company and due to his this kind of transfer his followers also got indulged in wrong act. How it could have been avoided?We conclude that the debacle in WorldCom could have been avoided by a more independent and watchful board of directors, which should have sent a signal to the company management that somebody, is watching them closely and they better mend their ways and means. The concept of board of directors is age old and when it functions properly it is effective.In this case the independent directors failed in their responsibilities. In almost all corporate fraud it has been seen that the board has been ineffective over a long period of time and aggressive managers use this prospect to take the rein completely in their own hand. We also conclude that Arther Anderson miserably failed in its employment as external auditor. We hold a puppet board and a malleable auditor as responsible in allowing Ebbers and his associates to perpetrate the accounting fraud. Both the board of directors and externalauditors has roles in averting operating(a) risk and they have failed in their responsibilities (McShane, Glinow, Sharma, 2006). The Sarbanes-Oxley ActDue to organization such as WorldCom Congress rush along to pass the complicated Sarbanes-Oxley Act. CEOs and CFOs of public companies are required to personally certify the accuracy of various financial reports, with significant criminal penalties for false certifications (up to 10 years in prison for knowing violations up to 20 years if willful) (WorldCom scandal, nod.). While the penalties sound significant, the governments difficulty in enforcing this provision will likely come in proving that a corporate officers inaccurate certification was through with(p) at least(prenominal) knowingly, as opposed to negligently or even recklessly. However, in short this law made many disclosu res and certifications on the part of the firm mandatory. It also made the commitment of the external auditor binding.This is significant in view of the fact that when WorldCom fraud came to light, Arthur Anderson simply issued a statement saying the snuff it two years accounting statement are no longer reliable without owning lots responsibility. What is noteworthy is the fact that US authority introduced the risk management step in the form of Sarbanes Oxley legislation, making the BOD, the company management and the external auditor responsible and bound by law. In addition, if a public company makes a required accounting restatement due to misconduct, that companys CEO and CFO can be forced to forfeit any bonuses or profits gained from selling company stock for a one-year period.But the lack of definitions for the terms required and misconduct, other potential loopholes, and the SECs queen to grant exemptions could combine to dilute the strength of this provision. The new law makes it somewhat easier for the government to prohibit officers and directors who have committed securities law violations from ever again serving in those positions. However, that potential sanction was at least theoretically available even before passage of Sarbanes-Oxley. ConclusionA leader is a person that directs a company and its management and if he adopts wrong practices to achieve personal goals, the management may range distract and go in the unethical direction. Management of WorldCom was notevaluating the efforts of its executives, CFO and auditors that is a conduct as every business demands continuous evaluation. Another major contributing factor in the direction of companys failure was its organization structure that was not managed and apportioned appropriately by its top management.The organization structure of the World Com was also not appropriate. In WorldCom, there was the lack span of control, means the audit department was not report to the companys upper lev el management and not provides the right reading about the accounts status of the company (Mcshane, Von Glinow Sharma, 2006).There was also lack of transparency in the organization. That means in the organization two divers(prenominal) levels of management did not know about the wrongdoings which they were doing in the organization and there was not flow of information with each other. In any business, the organizational behavior of the company starts from top management. If the top management has high moral, ethical and leadership traits and standards, then so will the employees. The leaders of WorldCom, in this case did not and it not only affected the company but other telecommunications equipment manufacturers, and other employees. Top management must set the standards and keep them. Changing basic accounting procedures and the lack of ethical standards with top management contributed to the fall of WorldCom. ReferencesGriffin.R.W Moorhead.G. (2009). Organizational Behavior Managing People and Organizations (9th ed.). Cengage Learning.McKenna, E. F. (2000). Business Psychology and Organizational Behavior A Students Handbook (3rd Ed.). Psychology Press.McShane.S.L, Von Glinow.M.A. Sharma.R.R. (2006). Organizational Behavior (3rd ed.). Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited.Monks.R.G Minow.N. (2008). Corporate governance (4th ed.). John Wiley and Sons. Salter, M.S. (2008). Innovation Corrupted The Origins and Legacy of Enrons Collapse. Harvard University Press.The WorldCom Accounting Scandal, (2002). Retrieved September 7, 2013. From http//www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/Finance/The%20WorldCom%20Ac counting%20Scandal.htmWorldCom scandal Lessons for corporate America, (n.d.). Retrieved September 5, 2013. From WSJ.com http//online.wsj.comWorldCom Scandal. (n.d.). Retrieved September 6, 2013. From http//voices.yahoo.com

The effects of single Parenting in women House-Holds Essay Example for Free

The effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme P arnting in women House-Holds EssayAbstractThis essay focuses on the issue of mavin parenting as one(a) of the well-nigh effective family problems. A whizz parent is a parent who lives with one or more churlren without the second parent it could be either a popping or a mom. Usu every(prenominal)y the definition of single parenting depends on the local laws throughout different states, precisely in that location are somewhat other(a)(a) circumstances as well that could lead to single parenting, for sample if a parent is leftfield alone after getting divorced, if one of the parent just leaves the family or the child, if one of the parent is ordinate to the jail or dies. Some periods the single parent might non be the real receive or mother of the child, some people decide to adopt a child or sire a parent through implantation of babies or just take care of a family constituent child, who was abandoned by his rea l parents. The household of a single parent is very different from a normal household. But whole the circumstances are distinctive, some Parents decide to become single parents if they consume a relationship is non going well or if they gather there might be a assign of family problems that might affect the child, and some nourish to do it if something happens like the loss of a the second parent.There are a atomic pile of negative effects about being a single parent. For poser, making decisions fecal matter be really laborious some prison terms and most of the time parents emergency that second person there to be able to achieve the best decision that will realize the child and the parent. Frequently single parents do non withstand sufficient time to do all the house work and this involves children from the archaean age in doing house jobs which takes time away from them to do naturalize work or other things. Single parents excite to tell most of house problems to a child which doesnt not help the child, they assume to discuss these problems like if the child was an cock-a-hoop. If the other parent is animated they seduce to make the arrangements to take the child either to the other parents house or to jail if the parent is in jail which is not good because thechild will not pick up a stable home life and this will cause confusion. Single parenting starts with the divorce of a fit who have children, with the loss of a parent abandonment of a child or m some(prenominal) other reasons. Most of the parents that become single parents are women.Non-custodial fixs usually dont have much community with their children, and contribution usually declines as time goes by I have seen this a lot in my job since I work with children I have seen how some parents just forget about their children by and large the male parents forget about their kid and stops communicating with them . Since most single-parent households are female persons their inco me are slight that of a man, this causes sparing issues on the mother and the child has less opportunities on being involved in activities after school or sports. Economic limitations may limit growth improving experiences of a child. in timetide the children that their fathers patch up their child support check that theyre obligated to pay monthly still see limitations on outside activities. But there are a lot of parents that do not pay their monthly child support checks to their children which makes it blush harder for a single mother.A lot of children strongly abominate divorces because having the most important people in your life live separated affects their lives greatly. For some children, divorce is not something that they will forget about quickly, but its something that will affect them for the rest of their lives. This is a traumatic experience for the child because it leaves them feeling alone, as if nobody in the orbit cares about them. I have experienced this a lot as well in my job. I have a lot of children that seek for my at moveance a lot, and I also have a lot of children that call me dad because they dont have the male figure in their family. Single parenting affects each child other than depending on the childs age which ranges in four stages infants, young children, the elementary school age and adolescents. Infants and young children can feel abandoned by the decision of parents to get divorced. Most of them need to feel, hear, and see both parents in order to bond with their parents. This connection is important for the parent and child relationship later on in the childs life is the challenge for school age children, who are learning to make things use tools, and acquire skills for the adult life, children who fail these lessons of mastery and competence may come out of this stage feeling inadequate and humble (Erikson 1950).Parenting is hard at this agebecause this young child requires a lot of love, and attention from the parents if a children fails in a situation like this its hard for the children to receive support since the parent barely has time for the child. Single parents dont have time to give the appropriate measure of love and attention because they are getd to work and take care of the home responsibilities alone and the parent becomes very stressed since they worry about their children getting adequate attention. Family organization has changed has changed a lot in the last cubic decimetre divisions according to the research done. With higher percentages of marriage ending in divorce single parent families are increment quickly. Seventy percent of all the children will spend all or detonate of their lives in a single-parent household (Lindblad-Goldberg, M. 1989).These studies show that the children of single parenting families are affected greatly in a negative way. Women head the majority of single- parent families and as a result, children experience m whatsoever social problem s from growing up without a father. Some of these problems include wish of financial support and various emotional problems by not having a father around, which may contribute to problems later in life. One of the problems that they might see are anger issues a lot of the male boys that I mentor have a lot of anger issues and I believe that the cause of these issues is the missing of the male figure which is a symbol of control in the house. Today, most researchers state that both models were not quite correct and are still not correct now. During the years 1860-1920 the black immigrant families could not afford lonesome(prenominal) one earner for the family and these ideals were appropriate only for white middle class families. By the year 1893 more and more women were victorious up jobs and the fleck of divorces change magnitude. In 1950 about 22% families had both working parents, in 1980 the number increased to 42 % (Morgan, K. 1993)Since the year 1980 the divorce rates were twice as big as before. This means that about one-third of all children lived in single parent families or in adoptive families. The statistical studies at that time showed that 25 % of all families didnt have children at all 25% of all families lived in couples 25% of families were headed by females 4 % of families were extended (Lindblad Goldberg, M.1989). We can come to a assumption that as well as the family principles were changing, the amount of single-parent families were changing too. If we were to count the number of single mothers in thedifference to single fathers the ratio is nine to one ( Ceballo, R., Borquez, J. 1994) that means that children in most cases are left with their mother instead of their fathers. In my job most of the times all I see are single young mothers instead of single fathers taking care of their children which prove this ratio. It is clear that mothers are regularly closer to their children and care more about their children, but there are s ome exceptions, but there are a lot of difficulties that single mothers have to salute.The problems of income are extremely difficult for single mothers headed households. All low earnings money families have economic problems, but in cases of single mother parenting women have to raise their children on top of these issues. Studies showed that about 50 % of all households in poverty were female-headed. It is not only because of low wages that women get, but mostly because of the lack of another earners in the family, as a result there are cases when children start to work earlier in order to help their mothers (Amato, P. R. 1993). This affects children a lot when they have to go and work at an early age it affects their studies and it prevents them from doing any extracurricular activity after school or participate in any sports team. These studies demonstrate that the wages of women from single female-headed households and from two-parent households are similar, but women from s ingle female-headed households had to take additional hours or even work more than one job to support the family. There is often a problem of single mothers among teenagers. Young girls are left with their kids and their fathers just disappear.Then there are a lot of problems attached not only with finance but many others as well.The financial situation is not that hard by African-American single mothers, as the percentage of their income to the whole income of the family was bigger, but they have little lay on the line to receive any child support money or other state payments. About 25% of Spanish households in Los Angeles, California and Arizona were headed by women, about 17.3 % of Hispanic households also had a female head (Morgan, K. 1993). To draw a conclusion to this part we should mention that the cases of female-headed households happen more often, the problems they face are lack of finances and the need to spend a lot more of time at work. Fathers make about 13% of sing le parents in the USA. Currently fathers are more used to take some female roles at home. They are more involved with their children and in house responsibilities. Before men were immemorial caregivers, only some of them had to raise their children alone due to the death of their wives.As men typically have higher positions at work they have greater earnings as well, so they rarely face the same economic complications that single women do. On the other hand fathers do not always succeed in finding coarse language with their children and the results are that children raised by a single father are more likely to start using drugs or developing drinking habits, or start early sexual life since fathers are more flexible. Even though there is a common belief that fathers are stricter than mothers, they are often not able to converse with their children as well as the mothers can do it. Sometimes father are disciplined themselves or are not organized, it is not surprising if they cannot help their children to develop such qualities. I have been studying one of my childrens dad and the children has taken a lot of bad traits from his dad because the dad is not a great example he is not disciplined himself. A good father could be a good example for his son, and a good model of behavior.A lot of single mothers have problems with their children at some time of their lives because they lack the strong influence of a man. The ratio of young fathers is lower in comparison with teenager girls who have kids. In the twentieth century the number of female-headed households enlarged significantly among Latino, Asian and Other melt down households. Its a statement that single families are not the Americans. The number of single parent households increased greatly in England and in Australia during 1990s. In the UK lone-parents families formed about 3.3% of all households, the percentage of them in Australia was even higher 7.6%.Talking about other countries we should mention Belgium 1.8 2.7 % Ireland 2.8 % Luxemburg 2.2 % Japan 5.1 % (Borquez, J. 1994). In all countries most of single parents are women. Such countries as Greece, Portugal and Italy have more conformist opinions about family disputes even though they have a lower percentage of single parent families.Raising a child alone without any help from a second parent is pretty hard and a stressful experience, single parents have to put in a lot of work in order to follow an organized document that helps the parent as well as the child. The parents depend on many factors and have more responsibilities for their children. creation a single parent does not mean that a person should separate themselves from the whole world and isolate themselves with their complications andproblems. They should look for help provided by the government and any support that their family might provide. Single parents should neer be embarrassed and they should never let their self-importance make complications for the support they can get from other people. If there is a lot of support from family members, friends or organizations it will be easier for the single parent to finagle with all the problems.There are numerous areas where single parents need solid support from their friends, Family, or organizations. throughout this paper we discussed the effects of single parenting. The effects that a child faces and the effects that a parent faces as a single parent are difficult. Both the child and the parent go through exhaust hood situations and difficulties that affect their lives greatly. There are some positive outcomes that come out from single parenting but there are more negative outcomes than positive outcomes. I have seen all of the negative outcomes in my job, I have experienced all of these things and all most of them are true children that come from single parenting families tend to have a lot of difficulties and problems in their lives, but these problems could diminish with goo d mentorship, and good support from other family members.ReferencesAmato, P. R. (1993). Childrens adjustment to divorce Theories, hypotheses, and empirical support. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55, 23-58. Bogenschneider, K., Kaplan, T., Morgan, K. (1993). Single parenthood and childrens well-being. Wisconsin Family meeting Seminars Briefing Report. Combrink-Graham (Ed.) Children in family contexts. sore York Guildford. Erikson, E.H. (1950). The Developmental stage of Erik Erikson. New York Norton. Carole Wade. Carole Tavris. Tenth Edition Grossman, A. S., Hayghe, H. (1982). Labor force activity of women receiving child support or alimony. Monthly Labor Review, 105, 39-41. McLoyd, V. C., Jayaratne, T. E., Ceballo, R., Borquez, J. (1994). Unemployment and work interruption among African American single mothers Effects on parenting and adolescent socioemotional functioning. Child Development, 65, 562-589. Lindblad-Goldberg, M. (1989). Successful minority single-parent famil ies. In L. Combrink-Graham (Ed.) Children in family contexts. New York Guildford.